Ngaba isikali sombane sichanekile?Kutheni iimitha zamanzi nerhasi ngamanye amaxesha ziphelelwa “kwinani elikhulu”?Ukuhamba ngenqanawa ngelixa uqhuba kungakubeka njani ixesha lokwenyani?Imiba emininzi yobomi bemihla ngemihla eneneni inxulumene nomlinganiselo.I-20 kaMeyi “Lusuku lweMetrology lweHlabathi”, i-metrology ifana nomoya, ayiqondwanga, kodwa ihlala ijikeleze abantu.
Ukulinganisa kubhekisela kumsebenzi wokuqonda ubunye beeyunithi kunye nexabiso elichanekileyo nelithembekileyo lobungakanani, elibizwa ngokuba "umlinganiselo kunye nemilinganiselo" kwimbali yethu.Ngophuhliso lwemveliso kunye nesayensi kunye nethekhinoloji, i-metrology yanamhlanje iye yaphuhla yaba luqeqesho oluzimeleyo olugubungela ubude, ubushushu, ubuchwephesha, i-electromagnetism, unomathotholo, amaxesha ngamaxesha, ionizing radiation, optics, acoustics, chemistry kunye nezinye iindidi ezilishumi, kunye nenkcazo ye-metrology. iye yanda kwinzululwazi yomlinganiselo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo.
I-Metrology yaphuhliswa ngokukhawuleza ngokuvela kwe-Industrial Revolution, kwaye kwangaxeshanye ixhasa inkqubela phambili eqhubekayo yokuveliswa kwemveliso.KuHlaziyo lwezoShishino lokuqala, umlinganiselo weqondo lobushushu namandla wakhokelela kuphuhliso lwenjini yomphunga, nto leyo eyathi yakhawulezisa imfuneko yomlinganiselo wobushushu kunye noxinzelelo.I-revolution ye-industrial yesibini imelwe kukusetyenziswa okubanzi kombane, ukulinganiswa kwezikhombisi zombane kukhawulezise ukufundwa kweempawu zombane, kwaye isixhobo sombane saphuculwa ukusuka kwisixhobo esilula sokubonisa i-electromagnetic kwisixhobo seempawu zombane ezichanekileyo.Ngeminyaka yee-1940 kunye neyee-1950, kwabakho utshintsho kubuchwepheshe bolawulo lolwazi kwiinkalo ezininzi ezifana nolwazi, amandla amatsha, imathiriyeli emitsha, ibhayoloji, ubuchwepheshe basemajukujukwini kunye nobuchwepheshe baseLwandle.Iqhutywa yiyo, i-metrology iye yaphuhlisa ukuya kutsho kowona mgangatho uphezulu, ubuncinci, uphezulu kakhulu kwaye uchaneke uphantsi kakhulu, nto leyo ekhuthaze inkqubela phambili ekhawulezayo yenzululwazi yale mihla kunye nobuchwepheshe obufana ne-nanotechnology kunye nobuchwepheshe be-aerospace.Ukusetyenziswa okubanzi kweetekhnoloji ezintsha ezifana namandla eathom, iisemiconductors, kunye neekhompyuter ze-elektroniki zikhuthaze utshintsho oluthe chu ukusuka kwi-macroscopic benchmarks yomzimba yokulinganisa ukuya kwi-quantum benchmarks, kunye nokuphumelela okutsha kwenziwe kwitekhnoloji yokuva okude, itekhnoloji yobukrelekrele, kunye netekhnoloji yokubona i-intanethi.Kungatshiwo ukuba umtsi ngamnye kwi-metrology izise amandla okuqhubela phambili kwinzululwazi neteknoloji, inkqubela phambili yesixhobo senzululwazi kunye nokwandiswa komlinganiselo kwiinkalo ezinxulumeneyo.
Ngo-2018, iNkomfa yaMazwe ngaMazwe ye-26 yoMlinganiselo ivotele ukuba yamkele isisombululo ekuhlaziyweni kweNkqubo yeeYunithi zaMazwe ngaMazwe (SI), eguqule inkqubo yeeyunithi zokulinganisa kunye nemilinganiselo yokulinganisa.Ngokwesisombululo, ikhilogram, i-ampere, i-Kelvin kunye ne-mole kwiiyunithi ezisisiseko ze-SI zatshintshwa kwiinkcazo eziqhubekayo ezixhaswa yiteknoloji ye-quantum metrology, ngokulandelanayo.Ukuthatha ikhilogram njengomzekelo, ngaphezu kwekhulu leminyaka eyadlulayo, ikhilogram e-1 yayilingana nobunzima be-International kilogram yokuqala "Big K" egcinwe yi-International Bureau yeMetrology.Nje ukuba ubunzima bomzimba be "K enkulu" butshintshile, ngoko iyunithi yekhilogram iya kutshintsha, kwaye ichaphazele uluhlu lweeyunithi ezinxulumeneyo.Olu tshintsho "luchaphazela umzimba wonke", zonke iindlela zobomi ziya kufuneka ziphinde zihlolisise imigangatho ekhoyo, kwaye indlela yokuchazwa rhoqo isombulula ngokugqibeleleyo le ngxaki.Kanye njengokuba kwi-1967, xa inkcazo yeyunithi yexesha "yesibini" yahlaziywa kunye neempawu ze-athomu, uluntu namhlanje lunokuhamba ngesathelayithi kunye nobuchwepheshe be-intanethi, ukuchazwa kwakhona kweeyunithi ezine ezisisiseko kuya kuba nefuthe elibi kwisayensi, iteknoloji. , urhwebo, impilo, okusingqongileyo kunye nezinye iinkalo.
Uphuhliso lwenzululwazi kunye nobuchwepheshe, umlinganiselo kuqala.Ukulinganisa ayisosandulela kunye nesiqinisekiso sesayensi kunye nethekhinoloji kuphela, kodwa sisiseko esibalulekileyo sokukhusela ubomi kunye nempilo yabantu.Umxholo walo nyaka woSuku lweMetroloji yeHlabathi uthi “UkuMetasela iMpilo”.Kwinkalo yokhathalelo lwempilo, ukusuka ekumiselweni kweemviwo ezincinci zomzimba kunye needosi zamachiza ukuya ekuchongeni ngokuchanekileyo kunye nokulinganisa iiprotheni eziyinkimbinkimbi kunye neemolekyuli ze-RNA ngexesha lokuphuhliswa kwesitofu sokugonya, i-metrology yonyango yindlela efunekayo yokuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kunye nokuthembeka kwezixhobo zonyango.Kwinkalo yokukhuselwa kwendalo, i-metrology ibonelela ngenkxaso yokubeka iliso kunye nokulawulwa komoya, umgangatho wamanzi, umhlaba, indawo ye-radiation kunye nolunye ungcoliseko, kwaye "iliso lomlilo" lokukhusela iintaba eziluhlaza.Kwintsimi yokhuseleko lokutya, ukutya okungekho ngcoliseko kufuneka kuqhutywe umlinganiselo ochanekileyo kunye nokufumanisa izinto ezinobungozi kuzo zonke iinkalo zemveliso, ukupakishwa, ukuthutha, ukuthengisa, njl., ukwenzela ukuhlangabezana nokulindela uluntu ngokutya okunempilo.Kwixesha elizayo, i-metrology kulindeleke ukuba ikhuthaze ukwenziwa kwasekhaya, isiphelo esiphezulu kunye nokuphawulwa kokuxilongwa kwedijithali kunye nezixhobo zonyango kwicandelo le-biomedicine e-China, kwaye ikhokele kwaye ikhuthaze uphuhliso oluphezulu lweshishini lezempilo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-21-2023